In learning theory functioned as a benchmark for determining the policy of teaching and learning activities. However, the existing theories without any attempt to apply, will only be on display are especially those of mere discourse. Theory of experts about learning are used in accordance with the conditions and needs course of learning. Transformation of science in the era of globalization it is clear contrast to the pre-modernization. And that becomes the problem, whether existing theories can answer trouble education today? Should no set tradition that only refers to the old ways? Or whether there should be a discovery of a new theory? Let's look from Behavioristik Theory, Cognitive, Constructivism Theory, Humanistic theory and how to apply the learning process.
Behavior that refers to the behavior of the experience. Behavioristik more emphasis on realizing that the individual as a whole, which basically has the creative potential and depends on the psychological condition. Enterprises using behavioristic learning theory not only 'give knowledge' in the literal sense, but in the process of transferring knowledge that accompanied the stimulus to get a response from the students. In other words, the subject of Theory Behavioristik that stimulus and response. For example, learning begins with prayer. Teachers go in and say hello (stimulus was provided), students will automatically respond by answering greeting and rushed to prepare the initial position to pray as responsible students.
In addition there are basic assumptions, according to Engkoswara about the nature of human beings in this theory that is freedom which meant personal views, which are free and whether the individuals in the group to act. Influenced by the psychological state of the self and the social culture of the outside community. The next Rational-irrational. In the theory of personal Behavioristik develops rationalism as sentient beings. Rationalisation of forms as the needs of instinct and not as a personality (irrational). Elementalism-holism can be seen from the potential that exists in man. Holism is more on the overall understanding of the problems that are common, whereas Elementalism saw something in terms of partial or special. The last treatise is Constitutional-Enviromentalism more refers to the achievement of the learning factor. More constitutional see success because of the innate potential while Enviromentalism is influenced by experience and the environment. The learning theory of Behavioristik in the deployment the stimulus response. According to this theory of learning success is determined by the interaction between teachers and students with how big the response obtained from the giving of the stimulus. While this success marked by a change in the behaviour of concretely in the life of society. No longer only seen from the perspective of intellectual property alone. According to Cognitive Theories of learning that is is a process of knowledge (know), continuing on to understand (understand), application of (applied), which has been undergoing analysis, thought-provoking conclusion or withdrawal (synthesis) and potentially not seen from the evaluation (test). Cognitive theory emphasizes the efforts of optimization capabilities (rational) in manifesting the behavior of the response to the response. Unlike the Behavioristik Theory which refers to the stimulus and response, more cognitive effort indicates compliance with the stimulus response. In other words behaviorisme in stimulus and response, cognitive efforts to respond to the stimulus.
Cognitive theory when applied in the study tended to engage in the practice of intellectual quality that directs learners. Positive use of this theory is the intelligence of the students starting from the formation of the intellectual (cognitive) qualities. In general the learning process should be based on universal in the learning process as a reality of the system. The success of learning is not only determined by a factor but a range of interconnected factors. The second is the process of learning as a natural reality. Needs in making a more decent life, one process that is was the study. Third, the process of learning is done in a contextual and relevant to the realities of the lives of learners. Not necessarily in format but is familiar with the development of analysis can also be done. The next study is not done in a monotone, creativity is required as absolute capital in the process of learning. Fifth, the active involvement of students is expected, then the process of assimilation and accommodation as well as knowledge of experience went well. Process more than interpret the process of memorization. The latter process of teaching and learning should pay attention to individual differences. The theory of Constructivism emphasized the process of building knowledge through real experiences from the field. In other words students more quickly capture the information on the basis of the realities that exist within the community. For example the teacher teaches a sub chapter of the poem. Not to mention the teacher simply telling students to write those qualities of poetry, but students are invited to have the experience of making poetry. The role of the teacher as a facilitator who is the sole source of learning while the pupil is required of active, creative and critical. Students are given a broad area for a chance to put forward ideas as well as the idea is not otorientasi with the teacher. Media utilized in the learning process according to the theory of Constructivism is very helpful understanding of students. By means of these students will practice solves the problem on its own, independent, critical, creative and responsible with his rationale. When compared to traditional learning, learning theory is rather on the overall presentation into sections. More give freedom of students to put forward ideas and ideas. More linked to the reality of the society and to realize the potential of the students in developing the subject matter. Whereas the latter is Humanistic. Humanistic theory explains that the learning process should be initiated from the interests of humanizing mankind. Humanistic more emphasis on how to understand human problems of background, cognitive, psychomotor and affektif. Humanistic theories recognize that learners is a human being who can think, do something if there's a will, and has flavor and potency. Their minds could be controlled but too petty if restrained. In application to the study of the way of creating a fun learning atmosphere, exciting, free but responsible. In the Humanistic Theory requires cooperation by means of the formation of small groups. It not only the teacher but the students, humanizing students also teammates. According to the theory of Humanistic learning is how someone actually understands the difference in students, as a group should be guided and the importance of the development of the potential within themselves. The theories put forward can be a complete reference from time to time. However more recent invention will be very hectic education desired by the moment. In other words, supply on creativity, mindset, behaviour of teachers as educators is more preferred allotment of science as a challenge the students. One of the failures in learning due to ignorance or deliberate action of teachers in doing academic terror, psychological and sociological. The teacher often ignores students ' developmental level, forget the conditions and background of different students. From the above it can be concluded that learning theory focuses on the understanding of beraplikasi on action to conform with the demands of the community. The new theory which can be used namely learning-oriented nature (whether social, cultural, political, profession) and 100% fulfillment of way freedom of choosing the procedure where the student can be used in developing the material. Of course the teacher sued for more creative as well as the level of understanding, the development of the material presented is not simply the fulfillment of a task as educators, more from it but educate the student debt. The application of this theory turned on in reality, in order for learners to become individuals who pass the selection and could be accepted in the community environment.
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